卫星遥感反演降水研究综述   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

刘元波  傅巧妮  宋平  赵晓松  豆翠翠 《地球科学进展》2011,26(11):1162-1172

降水是地球水循环的基本组成部分,具有重要的气象、气候和水文学意义.精准地测量降水及其区域和全球分布,长期以来一直是一个颇具挑战性的科学研究目标。经过近50年的发展,基于可见光、红外和微波等各类卫星传感器的降水反演算法也逐渐发展成熟起来。简要回顾可见光／红外、被动微波、雷达和多传感器联合反演等卫星遥感降水反演的基本原理、...  相似文献   

全球变化下地表反照率研究进展   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

肖登攀  陶福禄  Moiwo Juana P 《地球科学进展》2011,26(11):1217-1224

地表反照率表征地球表面对太阳辐射的反射能力,决定着地表与大气之间辐射能量的分配过程,是影响地球气候系统的关键变量。在全球变化日益突出的今天,地表反照率与全球变化的相互影响机制已经成为地球科学研究领域的热点问题之一。地表反照率的细微变化,会影响到地气系统的能量收支平衡,进而引起区域以至全球气候变化。详细介绍地表反照率影响...  相似文献   

全球碳循环研究中的δ13C方法及其进展     

陈中笑  赵琦 《地球科学进展》2011,26(11):1225-1233

随着分析技术的进步,δ13C观测在全球碳循环研究中越来越受到重视。在讨论关于碳循环中δ13C的Suess效应、分布特征和同位素分馏等基本概念的基础上,结合现有的观测事实,介绍应用δ13C辨别碳的源汇问题的方法,通过比较不同KeelingPlot方法分析该方法在研究大气CO2背景特征中的意义。着重讨论δ13C在研究大气C...  相似文献   

多管降水法在电力线路工程基坑降水过程中的研究应用     

王亚军 《地下水》2011,33(5):14-15

以往榆林沙漠地区基坑降水采用先开挖后降水,容易出现基坑边坡塌方,降水难度大,费工费时,降水效果差,本工程基坑降水采用了多管降水法,从管井的沉设方法,PPR新材料的运用,井管的制作等方面,开发研究出小范围内基坑降水的新方法,降水效果好,可在具有相同水文地质条件的工程降水中应用。  相似文献   

Global Mapper系统在海洋调查中的应用     

刘方兰  肖波 《海洋技术学报》2011,30(1):24-26

Global Mapper是一个简单、实用的地理信息管理与应用软件,文中介绍了该软件的基本功能和开发应用.在海洋地质调查工作中,通过对Global Mapper软件功能的转换与灵活应用,结合动态GPS,实现了地形导航和历史信息、综合信息的实时显示与查询,并改进了多波束水深测量现场监控、工程磁法测量成果数据处理等技术方法...  相似文献   

GPS接收机测量位移方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

齐占辉  张锁平  张东亮  范有明 《海洋技术学报》2011,30(3):35-39,46

首先介绍了全球定位系统(GPS)的工作原理;然后给出了利用多普勒频偏原理测量GPS接收机天线位移的方法;最后通过现场实验,对比GPS接收机天线的运动轨迹曲线和红球的运动轨迹曲线,验证了该测量位移方法的可行性.  相似文献   

全球尺度下遥感与地理信息系统一体化软件平台研建进展     

宫鹏  赵永超  俞靓  梁璐 《地理信息世界》2011,9(2):34-37

地理信息科学与技术在全球变化和地球系统科学研究中,正发挥越来越重要的作用.而在全球尺度下开展分析,必须发展用基于3维坐标进行分析,而且要具备全球尺度上的地表信息提取能力,并支持全球尺度的空间分析与应用的软件.介绍了在Google Earth基础上,开发的遥感和地理信息系统一体化软件平台:全球制图者(Global Map...  相似文献   

A continental analysis of correlations between tree patterns in African savannas and human and environmental variables     

T.A. Groen  F. van LangeveldeC.A.D.M. van de Vijver  A.L. de RaadJ. de Leeuw  H.H.T. Prins 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(8):724-733

This study analyses possible relationships between natural processes taking place in savannas and the tree patterns found in savannas. This can lead to new hypotheses about which processes are driving savanna physiognomy. To do so tree patterns were quantified for African savannas from historical aerial photographs applying frequently used landscape metrics. Also, additional data for these areas were collected to quantify the processes taking place at these locations. Correlations between tree pattern indices and explaining factors were analysed. We found a negative trend between tree cover and density of sheep and goats, but no relationship between tree cover and density of cattle, suggesting that small livestock have an effect on tree cover, but that larger livestock (or obligate grazers) do not. Also, a positive correlation between human population density and tree cover was found. Possible explanations for the found relations are discussed. Subsequent ways to analyse the latter correlation are discussed, and the potential of the presented historical database of aerial photographs is highlighted.  相似文献   

Relationship between NAO and drought disasters in northwestern China in the last millennium   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H.F. Lee  D.D. Zhang 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(11):1114-1120

North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays an important role in the Northern Hemisphere climate system. Although there is growing interest in the connection between NAO and precipitation change in China, there are few studies concerning that connection in northwestern China. Based on fine-grained historical drought disaster records and NAO proxies, we explored quantitatively their possible connection in northwestern China over the past millennium at the multi-decadal to centennial timescales. Statistical results show that NAO and drought disaster were negatively correlated, as positive modes of NAO caused northward-displaced, stronger-than average mid-latitude Westerlies with an enhanced latitudinal water vapor gradient into the central Asian drylands, resulting in reduced drought frequency and intensity in northwestern China. But, their correlation was out-of-phase during the Little Ice Age because of the southward shifting of monsoon, Westerlies, and the East Asian Jet Stream brought by long-term land surface cooling. As it has been indicated that the precipitation in northwestern China is also determined by El Niño-Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic sea surface and air temperature aside from NAO, further studies are needed to evaluate their individual roles and combined impacts upon the drought disaster there.  相似文献   

全球链网下的欠发达地区产业集群化研究——以韶关汽车零部件产业为例     

许树辉 《世界地理研究》2011,20(1):36-43

全球链网下的地方产业集群,已成为区域经济发展的重要组织形式。欠发达地区产业集群的形成与发展是特色资源、产业基础、创新文化、政策激励和市场驱动对地方化和全球化两股力量“粘滞—集聚—再粘滞—再集聚”的循环积累结果。针对韶关资源丰富、产业基础厚实,但空间粘滞作用不强、产业集群化程度低的现状,认为韶关汽车零部件产业应走“立足资源,一园三片;精细专工,错位发展”的特色集群化道路。  相似文献